1 00:00:10,790 --> 00:00:07,670 hello and welcome to today's NASA 2 00:00:12,890 --> 00:00:10,800 Google+ Hangout observing Earth from 3 00:00:14,960 --> 00:00:12,900 space I'm Lauren Worley I'm the press 4 00:00:17,600 --> 00:00:14,970 secretary at NASA and I'm super excited 5 00:00:19,490 --> 00:00:17,610 you've all joined us today NASA does a 6 00:00:21,350 --> 00:00:19,500 lot of earth observations so what we 7 00:00:24,109 --> 00:00:21,360 learn about climate and weather 8 00:00:25,400 --> 00:00:24,119 observation can be applied across 9 00:00:27,560 --> 00:00:25,410 different platforms and we've got a 10 00:00:29,720 --> 00:00:27,570 really awesome lineup of folks here to 11 00:00:31,099 --> 00:00:29,730 talk about how we do that so let's get 12 00:00:33,829 --> 00:00:31,109 to it i'm going to introduce them first 13 00:00:36,799 --> 00:00:33,839 with me here at NASA headquarters is 14 00:00:39,069 --> 00:00:36,809 astronaut Rick Mastracchio and japanese 15 00:00:42,770 --> 00:00:39,079 space agency astronaut Koichi Wakata 16 00:00:44,419 --> 00:00:42,780 just returned from 188 days on board the 17 00:00:46,399 --> 00:00:44,429 International Space Station and we've 18 00:00:48,619 --> 00:00:46,409 got lots of questions about their view 19 00:00:51,410 --> 00:00:48,629 of Earth from there we're also joined by 20 00:00:52,729 --> 00:00:51,420 a gale Stefanik Jackson she's the global 21 00:00:55,669 --> 00:00:52,739 precipitation measurement mission 22 00:00:56,930 --> 00:00:55,679 project manager and she's out at the 23 00:00:59,989 --> 00:00:56,940 Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt 24 00:01:01,520 --> 00:00:59,999 Maryland and also with us today we have 25 00:01:03,889 --> 00:01:01,530 of America's weather predicting 26 00:01:06,650 --> 00:01:03,899 boyfriend Eric Holthaus who's also a 27 00:01:08,480 --> 00:01:06,660 meteorologist and a writer for slate com 28 00:01:10,130 --> 00:01:08,490 now Eric is going to be taking your 29 00:01:11,780 --> 00:01:10,140 questions and asking some questions on 30 00:01:14,270 --> 00:01:11,790 your behalf and we really want to engage 31 00:01:17,780 --> 00:01:14,280 you in this conversation so send us your 32 00:01:20,630 --> 00:01:17,790 questions to at NASA using hashtag ask 33 00:01:22,460 --> 00:01:20,640 NASA and we'll get your questions asked 34 00:01:24,620 --> 00:01:22,470 to one of our awesome panelist here in 35 00:01:26,300 --> 00:01:24,630 the air so to get us started i'm going 36 00:01:28,130 --> 00:01:26,310 to turn over to astronaut rick 37 00:01:30,230 --> 00:01:28,140 mastracchio tell us a little bit more 38 00:01:32,720 --> 00:01:30,240 about his mission has returned to Earth 39 00:01:35,360 --> 00:01:32,730 and some work they did observing Earth 40 00:01:37,250 --> 00:01:35,370 from space well thanks Lauren yeah we 41 00:01:39,650 --> 00:01:37,260 had a great mission Quechee and I and 42 00:01:42,350 --> 00:01:39,660 our Russian commander Misha Torin 43 00:01:44,510 --> 00:01:42,360 launched out of kazakhstan on a Russian 44 00:01:47,240 --> 00:01:44,520 Soyuz rocket way back in November first 45 00:01:48,950 --> 00:01:47,250 week of no we flew up to the 46 00:01:50,510 --> 00:01:48,960 International Space Station random doing 47 00:01:53,149 --> 00:01:50,520 and only about six hours we did the 48 00:01:56,060 --> 00:01:53,159 quick the quick trip we call it and we 49 00:01:56,990 --> 00:01:56,070 started our long-duration mission we did 50 00:01:58,610 --> 00:01:57,000 a lot of things while we're up there 51 00:02:01,040 --> 00:01:58,620 young to big things that were up there 52 00:02:02,899 --> 00:02:01,050 for to do science and research of course 53 00:02:05,090 --> 00:02:02,909 the other one is maintained the space 54 00:02:06,469 --> 00:02:05,100 station and then folks asked us what do 55 00:02:08,389 --> 00:02:06,479 you do in your spare time well of course 56 00:02:10,879 --> 00:02:08,399 the main thing we do is we look down at 57 00:02:12,709 --> 00:02:10,889 the earth we have this great cupola it's 58 00:02:13,520 --> 00:02:12,719 a series it's a small room with seven 59 00:02:14,780 --> 00:02:13,530 windows and look 60 00:02:18,080 --> 00:02:14,790 right down on eros we have some great 61 00:02:20,660 --> 00:02:18,090 great views of the earth Wow awesome 62 00:02:23,330 --> 00:02:20,670 coochie anything to to add there to open 63 00:02:26,150 --> 00:02:23,340 us up yeah it is says rick said the 64 00:02:28,220 --> 00:02:26,160 crippled the room with the seven window 65 00:02:30,199 --> 00:02:28,230 and this is our favorite place we have a 66 00:02:33,590 --> 00:02:30,209 lot of work science maintenance 67 00:02:36,380 --> 00:02:33,600 spacewalk robotics retrieving the the 68 00:02:38,600 --> 00:02:36,390 spaceship that I ride but the looking at 69 00:02:41,350 --> 00:02:38,610 the window at the earth through the 70 00:02:43,190 --> 00:02:41,360 windows because just outstanding 71 00:02:45,050 --> 00:02:43,200 terrific and we're going to ask you some 72 00:02:47,690 --> 00:02:45,060 more questions coming up on that but 73 00:02:49,910 --> 00:02:47,700 let's get over to Gail at Goddard Space 74 00:02:51,410 --> 00:02:49,920 Flight Center and Gail give us a little 75 00:02:53,960 --> 00:02:51,420 tell us a little bit more about your 76 00:02:56,030 --> 00:02:53,970 mission GPM but also the important work 77 00:02:59,360 --> 00:02:56,040 that we do observing the earth and earth 78 00:03:02,449 --> 00:02:59,370 science work at NASA yeah I'm very 79 00:03:03,710 --> 00:03:02,459 thrilled to be here with you today our 80 00:03:06,110 --> 00:03:03,720 mission the global precipitation 81 00:03:08,600 --> 00:03:06,120 measurement mission our core Observatory 82 00:03:10,729 --> 00:03:08,610 launched just this past baby we're right 83 00:03:13,340 --> 00:03:10,739 and we're already getting some really 84 00:03:15,590 --> 00:03:13,350 fantastic data from it all sorts of 85 00:03:18,410 --> 00:03:15,600 precipitation from light rains a heavy 86 00:03:20,870 --> 00:03:18,420 rain to fall and snow but there are also 87 00:03:23,390 --> 00:03:20,880 five other earth science missions that 88 00:03:26,539 --> 00:03:23,400 are being launched right now this year 89 00:03:28,250 --> 00:03:26,549 from NASA all different missions and so 90 00:03:29,750 --> 00:03:28,260 NASA is really looking at all different 91 00:03:31,370 --> 00:03:29,760 parts of the earth we want to understand 92 00:03:33,560 --> 00:03:31,380 the earth as much as we want to 93 00:03:34,910 --> 00:03:33,570 understand the other planets so we have 94 00:03:37,160 --> 00:03:34,920 satellites that are looking at the ocean 95 00:03:39,199 --> 00:03:37,170 salinity we have satellites that are 96 00:03:41,270 --> 00:03:39,209 looking at aquifers and how much water 97 00:03:44,030 --> 00:03:41,280 is stored in those aquifers or how much 98 00:03:45,830 --> 00:03:44,040 water is stored any ice sheets and 99 00:03:47,780 --> 00:03:45,840 glaciers we have satellites they're 100 00:03:50,000 --> 00:03:47,790 looking at land the land why 101 00:03:52,370 --> 00:03:50,010 characteristics whether it be vegetation 102 00:03:55,910 --> 00:03:52,380 difference trees we also have satellites 103 00:03:59,330 --> 00:03:55,920 that are looking at changes in terms of 104 00:04:00,860 --> 00:03:59,340 the water on the earth circles meow 105 00:04:03,110 --> 00:04:00,870 sound likes looking at the chemistry of 106 00:04:05,300 --> 00:04:03,120 the atmosphere and we have our satellite 107 00:04:07,250 --> 00:04:05,310 which is the GPM mission that is looking 108 00:04:09,319 --> 00:04:07,260 at the precipitation and we're being 109 00:04:11,780 --> 00:04:09,329 able to get measurements all around the 110 00:04:13,610 --> 00:04:11,790 globe every three hours of precipitation 111 00:04:18,490 --> 00:04:13,620 which is important for science and 112 00:04:22,540 --> 00:04:21,099 so very cool very cool all right well 113 00:04:23,560 --> 00:04:22,550 we've talked to be giving you an 114 00:04:25,750 --> 00:04:23,570 overview of what we want to talk about 115 00:04:27,280 --> 00:04:25,760 today let's head over to Eric Eric I 116 00:04:29,410 --> 00:04:27,290 know you got a couple questions to get 117 00:04:32,260 --> 00:04:29,420 us kicked off here in our discussion 118 00:04:34,360 --> 00:04:32,270 today yeah thanks Lauren and this is 119 00:04:37,090 --> 00:04:34,370 really kind of a dream come true for me 120 00:04:40,320 --> 00:04:37,100 I grew up a NASA nerd just like pretty 121 00:04:44,170 --> 00:04:40,330 much every American kid in the 80s 122 00:04:47,980 --> 00:04:44,180 watching space shuttle launches and and 123 00:04:50,530 --> 00:04:47,990 I was lucky enough to kind of have a 124 00:04:55,570 --> 00:04:50,540 dream of my my lifetime to go with my 125 00:04:57,880 --> 00:04:55,580 dad to watch the last see you last 126 00:05:00,970 --> 00:04:57,890 discovery launch in Florida a couple 127 00:05:04,450 --> 00:05:00,980 years ago and it is just really like a 128 00:05:08,560 --> 00:05:04,460 thrill to be here to talk to astronauts 129 00:05:12,340 --> 00:05:08,570 in and actually I I when I was in in 130 00:05:14,350 --> 00:05:12,350 college I had a internship with Gail at 131 00:05:16,840 --> 00:05:14,360 goddard space flight center so I've 132 00:05:20,260 --> 00:05:16,850 known Gail for about 10 years and Nats 133 00:05:23,200 --> 00:05:20,270 has been kind of a part of my part of my 134 00:05:25,990 --> 00:05:23,210 life since then following along with 135 00:05:28,510 --> 00:05:26,000 these missions so you know just like I 136 00:05:31,750 --> 00:05:28,520 think pretty much everyone has this 137 00:05:34,390 --> 00:05:31,760 question for for Rickon and coochie but 138 00:05:36,130 --> 00:05:34,400 what did it feel like looking down at 139 00:05:37,990 --> 00:05:36,140 the earth from from the space station 140 00:05:42,430 --> 00:05:38,000 what kind of emotions were you feeling 141 00:05:44,830 --> 00:05:42,440 when you're seeing that cupola yeah yeah 142 00:05:46,780 --> 00:05:44,840 well or see everybody the cupola first 143 00:05:48,460 --> 00:05:46,790 of all is a relatively relatively new 144 00:05:51,969 --> 00:05:48,470 addition to the space station and 145 00:05:53,830 --> 00:05:51,979 actually my last shuttle mission 2010 146 00:05:55,719 --> 00:05:53,840 the cupola was a brand new module just 147 00:05:57,880 --> 00:05:55,729 brought up by the mission before so we 148 00:06:01,210 --> 00:05:57,890 got to we got one of the first views of 149 00:06:02,920 --> 00:06:01,220 Akuma shuttle mission 2010 and I had 150 00:06:04,810 --> 00:06:02,930 been on a couple of previous show 151 00:06:06,010 --> 00:06:04,820 emissions we didn't have that view so it 152 00:06:08,350 --> 00:06:06,020 was a great addition to the space 153 00:06:09,880 --> 00:06:08,360 station it has unprecedented views of 154 00:06:12,070 --> 00:06:09,890 the planet earth below because of all 155 00:06:14,020 --> 00:06:12,080 the different windows you can see for 156 00:06:15,760 --> 00:06:14,030 thousands of miles in almost every 157 00:06:19,570 --> 00:06:15,770 direction so it's an incredible 158 00:06:20,800 --> 00:06:19,580 incredible view you know I think what I 159 00:06:22,270 --> 00:06:20,810 always say to folks is whenever you look 160 00:06:23,830 --> 00:06:22,280 out the window you always think if I 161 00:06:25,480 --> 00:06:23,840 seen it all now I've been on three or 162 00:06:26,860 --> 00:06:25,490 four space missions and I've seen it all 163 00:06:28,420 --> 00:06:26,870 now but every time you look out the 164 00:06:30,010 --> 00:06:28,430 window you see something that you've 165 00:06:32,330 --> 00:06:30,020 never seen before you see something more 166 00:06:35,659 --> 00:06:32,340 beautiful than in the last time 167 00:06:36,770 --> 00:06:35,669 look out the window so I think it kind 168 00:06:39,350 --> 00:06:36,780 of gives you a lot of different emotions 169 00:06:40,790 --> 00:06:39,360 but the biggest emotion i have is the 170 00:06:43,040 --> 00:06:40,800 beauty the beauty of the earth the 171 00:06:44,780 --> 00:06:43,050 incredible several things that we see 172 00:06:46,490 --> 00:06:44,790 down here it's amazing that we try so 173 00:06:47,689 --> 00:06:46,500 hard to get off the planet and then once 174 00:06:50,270 --> 00:06:47,699 we get off the planet we spend all our 175 00:06:55,460 --> 00:06:50,280 time looking back at it that's pretty 176 00:06:58,159 --> 00:06:55,470 interesting what about you co Ichi yeah 177 00:07:01,010 --> 00:06:58,169 I totally agree with Rick we go around 178 00:07:03,409 --> 00:07:01,020 the earth every 90 minutes so and then 179 00:07:05,690 --> 00:07:03,419 during this period of six months we flew 180 00:07:09,770 --> 00:07:05,700 over the flu around the earth more than 181 00:07:11,810 --> 00:07:09,780 3,000 times so I since the earth is very 182 00:07:13,790 --> 00:07:11,820 small and it looks very precious with 183 00:07:16,670 --> 00:07:13,800 the background of pitch black space and 184 00:07:19,219 --> 00:07:16,680 earth seems like a small special big 185 00:07:21,050 --> 00:07:19,229 spaceship I would say it has a co2 186 00:07:23,180 --> 00:07:21,060 removal system temperature control 187 00:07:25,010 --> 00:07:23,190 system if one of those systems onboard 188 00:07:28,040 --> 00:07:25,020 the space station breaks it's a lot of 189 00:07:30,050 --> 00:07:28,050 work to force to repair so by flying 190 00:07:32,420 --> 00:07:30,060 around the earth that we really would 191 00:07:37,820 --> 00:07:32,430 like to protect this environment of the 192 00:07:40,310 --> 00:07:37,830 earth so both you and we're active on 193 00:07:42,920 --> 00:07:40,320 Twitter when you were when you were in 194 00:07:46,250 --> 00:07:42,930 the space station um and I looked back 195 00:07:47,750 --> 00:07:46,260 at some of that sound here your photos 196 00:07:55,100 --> 00:07:47,760 that you took in you know it's kind of 197 00:07:57,800 --> 00:07:55,110 breathtaking to see that but what was 11 198 00:07:59,180 --> 00:07:57,810 view or 11 thing that you saw out there 199 00:08:01,490 --> 00:07:59,190 that kind of changed the way that you 200 00:08:02,839 --> 00:08:01,500 you think about Earth or or maybe 201 00:08:06,379 --> 00:08:02,849 something that you saw that you can mix 202 00:08:07,820 --> 00:08:06,389 back yeah well I think we chant I would 203 00:08:09,670 --> 00:08:07,830 agree on this one the other most one of 204 00:08:12,260 --> 00:08:09,680 most beautiful things we see are the 205 00:08:14,000 --> 00:08:12,270 aurora borealis the Northern Lights with 206 00:08:15,740 --> 00:08:14,010 the Southern Lights they are just 207 00:08:17,180 --> 00:08:15,750 incredible and if you get if you're out 208 00:08:19,159 --> 00:08:17,190 looking out the window at just the right 209 00:08:20,990 --> 00:08:19,169 time and the Sun activity solar activity 210 00:08:23,450 --> 00:08:21,000 earth everything lines up perfectly you 211 00:08:25,219 --> 00:08:23,460 get these great waves of green light 212 00:08:27,920 --> 00:08:25,229 coming off the plan and even some red 213 00:08:29,540 --> 00:08:27,930 lights and it's just incredible and then 214 00:08:31,310 --> 00:08:29,550 one night we were out there and Venus 215 00:08:33,589 --> 00:08:31,320 was rising the full moon was rising 216 00:08:35,750 --> 00:08:33,599 through this aurora borealis and it was 217 00:08:38,420 --> 00:08:35,760 like the universe putting on a show for 218 00:08:42,800 --> 00:08:38,430 for Mike Hopkins and poo Ichi ni and it 219 00:08:45,680 --> 00:08:42,810 was absolutely beautiful and the imagio 220 00:08:46,130 --> 00:08:45,690 Gareth is impressive especially in the 221 00:08:48,770 --> 00:08:46,140 northern 222 00:08:50,600 --> 00:08:48,780 atmosphere the city lights in the during 223 00:08:53,240 --> 00:08:50,610 the daytime you can see the cover of 224 00:08:55,310 --> 00:08:53,250 nature like strong winds beautiful 225 00:08:57,650 --> 00:08:55,320 clouds different colors and ocean has a 226 00:09:00,620 --> 00:08:57,660 different colors of blue but when you go 227 00:09:03,350 --> 00:09:00,630 to the night night side what you see is 228 00:09:06,590 --> 00:09:03,360 I don't know brilliant the city life and 229 00:09:09,290 --> 00:09:06,600 it really shows you know the technology 230 00:09:11,390 --> 00:09:09,300 of human human society and then how huge 231 00:09:13,970 --> 00:09:11,400 the energy consumption is and I'm sure 232 00:09:16,250 --> 00:09:13,980 aliens if they see from outside you can 233 00:09:19,330 --> 00:09:16,260 really tell that that this planet is you 234 00:09:21,830 --> 00:09:19,340 know we have a lot of people yeah um 235 00:09:28,130 --> 00:09:21,840 we're not confirming we've met we've 236 00:09:34,040 --> 00:09:28,140 seen any aliens Allah I don't want to 237 00:09:36,590 --> 00:09:34,050 don't break too much news here but riff 238 00:09:38,900 --> 00:09:36,600 in some of your your tweets I saw that 239 00:09:42,230 --> 00:09:38,910 you were taking trying to take photos of 240 00:09:44,390 --> 00:09:42,240 your of your home state of Connecticut 241 00:09:46,160 --> 00:09:44,400 what did it feel like flying over a 242 00:09:48,110 --> 00:09:46,170 place that you knew so well on the 243 00:09:51,950 --> 00:09:48,120 ground and then seeing it from a 244 00:09:54,170 --> 00:09:51,960 different way up in up in states yeah I 245 00:09:55,760 --> 00:09:54,180 did I try to take a try to take a lot of 246 00:09:57,560 --> 00:09:55,770 pictures of my home state of Connecticut 247 00:09:59,720 --> 00:09:57,570 in the Northeast it's very recognizable 248 00:10:01,130 --> 00:09:59,730 to me because I'm from there it was 249 00:10:02,720 --> 00:10:01,140 interesting though I flown three 250 00:10:04,130 --> 00:10:02,730 previous Shuttle missions but all my 251 00:10:06,230 --> 00:10:04,140 shuttle missions were in the summer or 252 00:10:08,030 --> 00:10:06,240 in the spring and when I was flying over 253 00:10:09,260 --> 00:10:08,040 the planet and flying over the Northeast 254 00:10:10,940 --> 00:10:09,270 and flying all the United States 255 00:10:12,830 --> 00:10:10,950 everything was green and beautiful and 256 00:10:14,840 --> 00:10:12,840 it was easy to recognize easy to pick 257 00:10:16,760 --> 00:10:14,850 out different landmarks and the lakes 258 00:10:18,260 --> 00:10:16,770 and things like that this is my first 259 00:10:20,420 --> 00:10:18,270 time being in orbit in the wintertime 260 00:10:22,640 --> 00:10:20,430 and I tell you it's much much more 261 00:10:26,210 --> 00:10:22,650 difficult to identify things because you 262 00:10:28,100 --> 00:10:26,220 used late very often to identify in find 263 00:10:30,020 --> 00:10:28,110 places and of course when the lakes are 264 00:10:31,850 --> 00:10:30,030 frozen over and all the cities are 265 00:10:34,190 --> 00:10:31,860 covered with snow it's not much to look 266 00:10:35,510 --> 00:10:34,200 at you so I remember thinking how hard 267 00:10:36,980 --> 00:10:35,520 it was to get pictures of my hometown 268 00:10:38,780 --> 00:10:36,990 because I looked down and alls I would 269 00:10:40,340 --> 00:10:38,790 see would be ice and snow and maybe a 270 00:10:42,350 --> 00:10:40,350 few rocks here and there I was kind of 271 00:10:44,330 --> 00:10:42,360 wondering people really live down there 272 00:10:46,100 --> 00:10:44,340 so one of the thoughts ahead was one 273 00:10:47,750 --> 00:10:46,110 glad I'm up here and that's spending 274 00:10:51,440 --> 00:10:47,760 winter under the Northeast I know they 275 00:10:56,150 --> 00:10:51,450 had a really bad winter this year yeah 276 00:10:59,270 --> 00:10:56,160 and we're starting to find some evidence 277 00:11:00,060 --> 00:10:59,280 and NASA is helping helping study this 278 00:11:01,800 --> 00:11:00,070 but 279 00:11:03,660 --> 00:11:01,810 you know winters it some of the 280 00:11:05,700 --> 00:11:03,670 impressions are that you know global 281 00:11:08,430 --> 00:11:05,710 warming is is just going to be you know 282 00:11:10,200 --> 00:11:08,440 a couple degrees warmer on average every 283 00:11:11,670 --> 00:11:10,210 single day everywhere in the world and 284 00:11:13,860 --> 00:11:11,680 it's not like that at all I mean if 285 00:11:17,090 --> 00:11:13,870 there's unpredictable ways that the 286 00:11:19,740 --> 00:11:17,100 planet is changing so was there any 287 00:11:24,540 --> 00:11:19,750 visible signs of climate change that you 288 00:11:26,070 --> 00:11:24,550 could see from space actually uh it's 289 00:11:27,690 --> 00:11:26,080 very difficult to see from outside 290 00:11:30,000 --> 00:11:27,700 because you know we take a lot of 291 00:11:33,780 --> 00:11:30,010 pictures but it's a you know it's not a 292 00:11:36,810 --> 00:11:33,790 continuous measurement of the actual 293 00:11:39,060 --> 00:11:36,820 data and this is what the gale and her 294 00:11:41,340 --> 00:11:39,070 team is doing at Goddard and precisely 295 00:11:44,610 --> 00:11:41,350 measuring the temperature distribution 296 00:11:46,830 --> 00:11:44,620 of the precipitation rainfall and you 297 00:11:48,780 --> 00:11:46,840 know snow and other atoms temperatures 298 00:11:51,510 --> 00:11:48,790 of the affords temperatures of on the / 299 00:11:53,970 --> 00:11:51,520 of the ocean so you know we have this 300 00:11:55,800 --> 00:11:53,980 objective view but NASA and other 301 00:11:58,200 --> 00:11:55,810 international space agencies are 302 00:12:00,120 --> 00:11:58,210 collecting those that are precisely on 303 00:12:05,730 --> 00:12:00,130 the continuous basis to be able to 304 00:12:07,470 --> 00:12:05,740 monitor the other change in front um so 305 00:12:11,300 --> 00:12:07,480 we're getting a couple of questions now 306 00:12:13,410 --> 00:12:11,310 from the from the Google+ audience um 307 00:12:16,080 --> 00:12:13,420 one of the questions is how do you get 308 00:12:19,890 --> 00:12:16,090 internet in space to send these these 309 00:12:21,390 --> 00:12:19,900 tweets down yeah we do have a we have an 310 00:12:23,280 --> 00:12:21,400 internet connection it's relatively new 311 00:12:26,040 --> 00:12:23,290 on board space station it's not very 312 00:12:27,960 --> 00:12:26,050 stable and we don't have it for a very 313 00:12:29,970 --> 00:12:27,970 long period of time but that's why 314 00:12:31,680 --> 00:12:29,980 actually twitter is actually really 315 00:12:33,900 --> 00:12:31,690 convenient cuz you're killing type in 316 00:12:36,060 --> 00:12:33,910 140 characters and that's about as much 317 00:12:37,980 --> 00:12:36,070 time as we have usually I had towards 318 00:12:39,300 --> 00:12:37,990 respects and I always had a disciple 319 00:12:40,680 --> 00:12:39,310 should I go back and fix the spelling 320 00:12:43,110 --> 00:12:40,690 mistakes or should i just had sent 321 00:12:44,610 --> 00:12:43,120 because I'm running out of time so you 322 00:12:46,710 --> 00:12:44,620 know it's kind of a new thing on board 323 00:12:48,630 --> 00:12:46,720 the International Space Station and you 324 00:12:50,220 --> 00:12:48,640 know and like everything else so we'll 325 00:12:52,140 --> 00:12:50,230 make it more and more stable the more 326 00:12:54,030 --> 00:12:52,150 folks use it but it's a great thing and 327 00:12:55,950 --> 00:12:54,040 we used it quite a bit for Twitter and 328 00:12:57,450 --> 00:12:55,960 other social media and it was a great 329 00:12:59,160 --> 00:12:57,460 way I remember many times taking a 330 00:13:00,600 --> 00:12:59,170 picture off the window and then coming 331 00:13:01,800 --> 00:13:00,610 back to my computer tweeting and said 332 00:13:03,630 --> 00:13:01,810 hey here's what's going on right now 333 00:13:05,520 --> 00:13:03,640 onboard the space station so it's kind 334 00:13:07,050 --> 00:13:05,530 of fun to share that immediate the 335 00:13:11,070 --> 00:13:07,060 things immediate things that were going 336 00:13:12,690 --> 00:13:11,080 on and Eric that actually segues really 337 00:13:13,530 --> 00:13:12,700 well into a question we got from Saint 338 00:13:16,050 --> 00:13:13,540 Joan of Arc for 339 00:13:17,730 --> 00:13:16,060 graders in Louisiana and their teacher 340 00:13:19,499 --> 00:13:17,740 Marcy Herbert who asked us on Twitter 341 00:13:22,769 --> 00:13:19,509 what does a hurricane look like from 342 00:13:27,150 --> 00:13:22,779 space her again it looks like a huge 343 00:13:31,170 --> 00:13:27,160 like I don't know rolling what is that 344 00:13:34,800 --> 00:13:31,180 how do you say that it is just a I don't 345 00:13:37,499 --> 00:13:34,810 like huge clouds of that twirling it 346 00:13:39,809 --> 00:13:37,509 sorely swirling that love it is very 347 00:13:41,699 --> 00:13:39,819 huge even if you have a large large 348 00:13:43,530 --> 00:13:41,709 field of view and animal can my camel 349 00:13:45,329 --> 00:13:43,540 and it something's very difficult to 350 00:13:47,819 --> 00:13:45,339 capture the entire region of the 351 00:13:49,230 --> 00:13:47,829 hurricanes and typhoons and it's amazing 352 00:13:50,730 --> 00:13:49,240 yeah and the eye of the hurricane is 353 00:13:52,710 --> 00:13:50,740 always the thing where I was looking for 354 00:13:54,689 --> 00:13:52,720 some hurricanes are very very large like 355 00:13:56,249 --> 00:13:54,699 we she said but the eye of the hurricane 356 00:13:58,199 --> 00:13:56,259 is always interesting because you could 357 00:13:59,850 --> 00:13:58,209 you could almost if it's a good clear I 358 00:14:01,470 --> 00:13:59,860 you could see the ground in the middle 359 00:14:03,360 --> 00:14:01,480 of the hurricane it's always interesting 360 00:14:04,740 --> 00:14:03,370 one of my missions we were out doing a 361 00:14:07,139 --> 00:14:04,750 spacewalk and flew right over a 362 00:14:14,519 --> 00:14:07,149 hurricane back in the few years back it 363 00:14:15,930 --> 00:14:14,529 was pretty impressive um so yeah you 364 00:14:17,730 --> 00:14:15,940 travel the world in 90 minutes when 365 00:14:21,240 --> 00:14:17,740 you're in space is there anywhere that 366 00:14:23,280 --> 00:14:21,250 you thaw from space that that made you 367 00:14:26,670 --> 00:14:23,290 want to visit there when she got back to 368 00:14:27,870 --> 00:14:26,680 her yeah I have that feeling all the 369 00:14:29,730 --> 00:14:27,880 time I don't know about queasy but 370 00:14:31,259 --> 00:14:29,740 whenever whenever I was looking at some 371 00:14:33,300 --> 00:14:31,269 place on the ground and I do this one 372 00:14:35,699 --> 00:14:33,310 flying in an airplane I look down and I 373 00:14:37,050 --> 00:14:35,709 see some interesting land mass or some 374 00:14:38,460 --> 00:14:37,060 something interesting on there I was 375 00:14:40,920 --> 00:14:38,470 wondering was what the people are doing 376 00:14:43,019 --> 00:14:40,930 down there right now and that was not 377 00:14:45,689 --> 00:14:43,029 who's also true when I was on orbit I 378 00:14:47,309 --> 00:14:45,699 took some beautiful pictures of the the 379 00:14:48,809 --> 00:14:47,319 the center of the united states where 380 00:14:50,100 --> 00:14:48,819 there was this beautiful valley and 381 00:14:51,509 --> 00:14:50,110 there's a little house in the middle of 382 00:14:52,559 --> 00:14:51,519 it out in the middle of nowhere and i 383 00:14:54,960 --> 00:14:52,569 was wondering what it would be like to 384 00:14:56,460 --> 00:14:54,970 live there with that great view so yeah 385 00:14:57,929 --> 00:14:56,470 there's a lot of places i think i've 386 00:14:59,670 --> 00:14:57,939 taken pictures of and I remember taking 387 00:15:01,530 --> 00:14:59,680 pictures of the Dominican Republic and 388 00:15:03,420 --> 00:15:01,540 then about two months after I landed we 389 00:15:05,720 --> 00:15:03,430 went down there for a small vacation so 390 00:15:07,920 --> 00:15:05,730 I got to visit actually visit the place 391 00:15:11,579 --> 00:15:07,930 and it's very important to see the 392 00:15:14,790 --> 00:15:11,589 different colors of water I mentioned 393 00:15:17,309 --> 00:15:14,800 that the Bahamas in that area it's 394 00:15:18,990 --> 00:15:17,319 really beautiful but Blake's some of the 395 00:15:21,929 --> 00:15:19,000 links have like a reddish color orange 396 00:15:24,629 --> 00:15:21,939 is yellowish green it it's amazing how 397 00:15:27,680 --> 00:15:24,639 colorful that the color of the water is 398 00:15:36,750 --> 00:15:34,650 um it it's probably a question that that 399 00:15:39,030 --> 00:15:36,760 a lot of those people down there are 400 00:15:41,520 --> 00:15:39,040 asking about about you and you know it 401 00:15:43,440 --> 00:15:41,530 there it's the the space station has 402 00:15:48,900 --> 00:15:43,450 grown in size over the last several 403 00:15:51,510 --> 00:15:48,910 years decade and now it's it's it's kind 404 00:15:54,150 --> 00:15:51,520 of routine to be able to see that the 405 00:15:56,040 --> 00:15:54,160 space station in the evening sky from 406 00:15:59,370 --> 00:15:56,050 from Earth you know as a bright star 407 00:16:01,500 --> 00:15:59,380 going past so I'm sure you know if 408 00:16:02,790 --> 00:16:01,510 people are out there looking for the 409 00:16:05,280 --> 00:16:02,800 space station they're wondering what you 410 00:16:07,710 --> 00:16:05,290 guys are doing up there at the same time 411 00:16:09,480 --> 00:16:07,720 so it's kind of an interesting thought 412 00:16:14,370 --> 00:16:09,490 to know that you guys are thinking the 413 00:16:17,300 --> 00:16:14,380 same thing about us that down here so um 414 00:16:22,530 --> 00:16:17,310 so we're talking about we have Gail from 415 00:16:24,810 --> 00:16:22,540 who's working on the GPM project um and 416 00:16:28,620 --> 00:16:24,820 it launched back in February I think is 417 00:16:31,920 --> 00:16:28,630 that right so worried were you what were 418 00:16:35,400 --> 00:16:31,930 you in the station in the position to be 419 00:16:39,600 --> 00:16:35,410 able to see that launched on or or soon 420 00:16:42,120 --> 00:16:39,610 after yeah we we exactly a coupon board 421 00:16:44,190 --> 00:16:42,130 when GPM was launched from tanegashima 422 00:16:46,440 --> 00:16:44,200 space center in Japan but unfortunately 423 00:16:48,690 --> 00:16:46,450 we were not able to see the launch of 424 00:16:51,350 --> 00:16:48,700 the GPM itself we saw a trick saw some 425 00:16:55,020 --> 00:16:51,360 of the other launches from french guiana 426 00:16:57,600 --> 00:16:55,030 area and five launches but the I was not 427 00:16:58,950 --> 00:16:57,610 able to see that then you know but I'm 428 00:17:00,780 --> 00:16:58,960 sure it would have been really a 429 00:17:04,800 --> 00:17:00,790 spectacular to see the launch from the 430 00:17:06,960 --> 00:17:04,810 space station yeah not this is Gail just 431 00:17:09,240 --> 00:17:06,970 jumping I actually was there for the 432 00:17:12,540 --> 00:17:09,250 launch watching it from ground and it 433 00:17:14,340 --> 00:17:12,550 was a very fantastic launch soon I was 434 00:17:17,460 --> 00:17:14,350 launched from tonic Ashima I'll in Japan 435 00:17:23,190 --> 00:17:17,470 as part of our partnership and a picture 436 00:17:27,720 --> 00:17:23,200 perfect launch and we so when you were 437 00:17:29,930 --> 00:17:27,730 on board were you were you able to 438 00:17:32,490 --> 00:17:29,940 conduct any earth science that was 439 00:17:35,010 --> 00:17:32,500 complimentary to the GPM when you were 440 00:17:39,330 --> 00:17:35,020 when you were on there on the space 441 00:17:41,100 --> 00:17:39,340 station we use the regular photography 442 00:17:43,380 --> 00:17:41,110 still floating camera 443 00:17:45,960 --> 00:17:43,390 and then the video cameras and also we 444 00:17:48,450 --> 00:17:45,970 have high-definition cameras located 445 00:17:50,310 --> 00:17:48,460 outside along the Columbus module as 446 00:17:52,350 --> 00:17:50,320 well as the Japanese Kibo module and 447 00:17:54,510 --> 00:17:52,360 those are controlled remotely from the 448 00:17:58,500 --> 00:17:54,520 ground you can see the live down link of 449 00:18:01,410 --> 00:17:58,510 the HD image of the earth or down 450 00:18:03,870 --> 00:18:01,420 streaming you know 24-7 from the space 451 00:18:06,150 --> 00:18:03,880 station and also from the Marshall Space 452 00:18:08,820 --> 00:18:06,160 Center they put together a list of the 453 00:18:10,830 --> 00:18:08,830 targets of the earth observation that we 454 00:18:13,530 --> 00:18:10,840 take pictures on so every day we have 455 00:18:15,480 --> 00:18:13,540 several or sometimes few targets of the 456 00:18:17,669 --> 00:18:15,490 earth observation and we use the regular 457 00:18:20,270 --> 00:18:17,679 camera to take pictures and some of them 458 00:18:22,950 --> 00:18:20,280 are like in response to the disaster 459 00:18:26,460 --> 00:18:22,960 correspondence so whenever there is a 460 00:18:29,370 --> 00:18:26,470 hurricane volcano eruption flooding and 461 00:18:31,289 --> 00:18:29,380 other natural disasters we were asked to 462 00:18:34,980 --> 00:18:31,299 take those pictures which will be used 463 00:18:39,030 --> 00:18:34,990 to show the actual condition that we see 464 00:18:42,870 --> 00:18:39,040 from the space station so it's it's kind 465 00:18:45,720 --> 00:18:42,880 of like science in real time then have a 466 00:18:49,289 --> 00:18:45,730 human up there and kind of looking for 467 00:18:51,830 --> 00:18:49,299 looking for the you thinking you know 468 00:18:56,310 --> 00:18:51,840 high impact events that are going on 469 00:18:58,740 --> 00:18:56,320 every day exactly and then in addition 470 00:19:02,900 --> 00:18:58,750 to the the photo video image that we 471 00:19:05,130 --> 00:19:02,910 take by adding the I don't know the 472 00:19:08,850 --> 00:19:05,140 observational comments or the feeling 473 00:19:11,250 --> 00:19:08,860 that we have when we see these events on 474 00:19:13,740 --> 00:19:11,260 the earth that it has some more and then 475 00:19:16,650 --> 00:19:13,750 obviously this kind of information or 476 00:19:20,490 --> 00:19:16,660 comments really attract lot of attention 477 00:19:22,590 --> 00:19:20,500 from the general public um were you able 478 00:19:26,820 --> 00:19:22,600 to see any active volcanoes when you 479 00:19:28,950 --> 00:19:26,830 were flying over yeah we did I think we 480 00:19:32,640 --> 00:19:28,960 saw one the Central America are very 481 00:19:35,010 --> 00:19:32,650 small active volcano I know there was a 482 00:19:37,350 --> 00:19:35,020 previous cruises I've seen them over to 483 00:19:38,669 --> 00:19:37,360 watch iceland in other places we didn't 484 00:19:40,980 --> 00:19:38,679 have any real big ones we did see a 485 00:19:43,230 --> 00:19:40,990 small a few small ones though five years 486 00:19:46,740 --> 00:19:43,240 ago when i was somebody a space station 487 00:19:50,850 --> 00:19:46,750 there was an eruption of a volcano from 488 00:19:53,130 --> 00:19:50,860 the Far East Russia on one month islands 489 00:19:54,780 --> 00:19:53,140 and space station crew members were the 490 00:19:57,060 --> 00:19:54,790 first of 491 00:20:01,290 --> 00:19:57,070 people who are the instruments that took 492 00:20:03,870 --> 00:20:01,300 pictures of a volcano of the volcano 493 00:20:06,360 --> 00:20:03,880 eruption so Eric this morning we 494 00:20:08,880 --> 00:20:06,370 actually had the opportunity quechee and 495 00:20:11,190 --> 00:20:08,890 Rick and me too we got to go out to 496 00:20:14,610 --> 00:20:11,200 goddard space flight center and see the 497 00:20:15,990 --> 00:20:14,620 the GPM control room out there and talk 498 00:20:20,370 --> 00:20:16,000 a little bit with gail talked a little 499 00:20:22,410 --> 00:20:20,380 bit about her team and and gail love to 500 00:20:24,300 --> 00:20:22,420 ask you you know what did you explain to 501 00:20:27,050 --> 00:20:24,310 these guys this morning to tell us all 502 00:20:29,760 --> 00:20:27,060 of what they got to see this morning 503 00:20:32,850 --> 00:20:29,770 well we had the opportunity this morning 504 00:20:35,760 --> 00:20:32,860 to talk about the GPM mission why it's 505 00:20:37,050 --> 00:20:35,770 important for science and society you 506 00:20:38,790 --> 00:20:37,060 know you've already been talking about 507 00:20:41,070 --> 00:20:38,800 hurricanes and seeing them from the 508 00:20:42,720 --> 00:20:41,080 International Space Station and pretty 509 00:20:45,150 --> 00:20:42,730 much your scene visible what you might 510 00:20:47,340 --> 00:20:45,160 see with your eyes but with the GPM 511 00:20:49,590 --> 00:20:47,350 spacecraft we have instruments on board 512 00:20:51,630 --> 00:20:49,600 but allow you to hear all the way 513 00:20:53,100 --> 00:20:51,640 through the clouds all the way down to 514 00:20:55,710 --> 00:20:53,110 the air surface so when you're looking 515 00:20:57,900 --> 00:20:55,720 for that I wall you can see exactly 516 00:20:59,610 --> 00:20:57,910 where that is based on the observations 517 00:21:01,050 --> 00:20:59,620 from the mushrooms you don't have to 518 00:21:03,540 --> 00:21:01,060 look at the white clouds and try to 519 00:21:05,490 --> 00:21:03,550 guess exactly where that is so that's 520 00:21:08,370 --> 00:21:05,500 some of the fantastic data we can use 521 00:21:11,010 --> 00:21:08,380 also because um the global precipitation 522 00:21:14,940 --> 00:21:11,020 measurement is actually quite a similar 523 00:21:17,760 --> 00:21:14,950 orbit as to the ISS were able to see 524 00:21:21,000 --> 00:21:17,770 hurricanes as a transition from tropical 525 00:21:23,400 --> 00:21:21,010 regions the mid-latitudes so if GPM were 526 00:21:26,310 --> 00:21:23,410 off during Hurricane sandy we would have 527 00:21:28,530 --> 00:21:26,320 been able to see it go over and into the 528 00:21:30,480 --> 00:21:28,540 network in New Jersey region which is 529 00:21:32,670 --> 00:21:30,490 really important because before the 530 00:21:34,500 --> 00:21:32,680 satellites with our capabilities they 531 00:21:37,890 --> 00:21:34,510 only saw storms it went maybe as far 532 00:21:40,380 --> 00:21:37,900 north as on Tennessee so we want to be 533 00:21:43,080 --> 00:21:40,390 able to see this detailed structure all 534 00:21:46,770 --> 00:21:43,090 the way for them or not some of the 535 00:21:48,420 --> 00:21:46,780 things doing um neck 10 I was just going 536 00:21:51,810 --> 00:21:48,430 to say Gail this is an improvement over 537 00:21:54,030 --> 00:21:51,820 the the previous satellite so GPM was 538 00:21:56,190 --> 00:21:54,040 replacing the tropical rainfall 539 00:21:58,560 --> 00:21:56,200 measuring mission which was also a 540 00:22:03,030 --> 00:21:58,570 partnership between the japan's space 541 00:22:05,730 --> 00:22:03,040 agency and nasa in i think one of the 542 00:22:08,340 --> 00:22:05,740 one of the biggest improvements like you 543 00:22:10,380 --> 00:22:08,350 said for GPM is that now 544 00:22:15,029 --> 00:22:10,390 can we can see almost all the way up to 545 00:22:17,480 --> 00:22:15,039 the Arctic Circle in NC we can see we 546 00:22:19,950 --> 00:22:17,490 can see snow we can see those 547 00:22:25,020 --> 00:22:19,960 transitioning extra extra-tropical 548 00:22:29,340 --> 00:22:25,030 cyclones to a to that that are impacting 549 00:22:31,830 --> 00:22:29,350 you know more of the countries Japan and 550 00:22:38,010 --> 00:22:31,840 the United States that that are the main 551 00:22:40,770 --> 00:22:38,020 partners on this mission so and i'll 552 00:22:44,220 --> 00:22:40,780 just add you know for me I think three 553 00:22:46,529 --> 00:22:44,230 main contributions from GPM beyond that 554 00:22:48,180 --> 00:22:46,539 of tramore one more the already 555 00:22:50,299 --> 00:22:48,190 mentioned were able to get light rain 556 00:22:53,190 --> 00:22:50,309 and falling snow and this is the first 557 00:22:55,350 --> 00:22:53,200 NASA satellite mission that was 558 00:22:58,020 --> 00:22:55,360 specifically designed to measure rain 559 00:23:00,630 --> 00:22:58,030 writes down 2.2 millimeters an hour all 560 00:23:03,090 --> 00:23:00,640 the way up to 110 millimeters an hour so 561 00:23:05,190 --> 00:23:03,100 that's a fraction of an inch to about 5 562 00:23:08,580 --> 00:23:05,200 inches an hour and to be able to measure 563 00:23:11,720 --> 00:23:08,590 phones now the other major contribution 564 00:23:19,320 --> 00:23:11,730 is that our footprint which is basically 565 00:23:21,570 --> 00:23:19,330 comment Oh what Frank do you see with 566 00:23:24,500 --> 00:23:21,580 each measurement is down to five 567 00:23:27,840 --> 00:23:24,510 kilometers so that's a three-mile radius 568 00:23:30,630 --> 00:23:27,850 it's above trend that we're doing beyond 569 00:23:33,779 --> 00:23:30,640 trim is it because our space practice 570 00:23:36,990 --> 00:23:33,789 civil design we can use it to basically 571 00:23:38,340 --> 00:23:37,000 unify measurements from all sorts of 572 00:23:40,649 --> 00:23:38,350 other domestic and international 573 00:23:42,930 --> 00:23:40,659 satellite partners they're already 574 00:23:44,970 --> 00:23:42,940 measuring precipitation what they do 575 00:23:47,279 --> 00:23:44,980 with slightly different capabilities so 576 00:23:49,770 --> 00:23:47,289 we can unify that so that we get these 577 00:23:51,720 --> 00:23:49,780 global precipitation measurements on 578 00:23:54,180 --> 00:23:51,730 like i said earlier every three hours 579 00:23:57,510 --> 00:23:54,190 and sometimes even less than every three 580 00:23:59,399 --> 00:23:57,520 hours which is vital for application 581 00:24:02,279 --> 00:23:59,409 users people that might be trying to 582 00:24:05,760 --> 00:24:02,289 track hurricanes or start to predict 583 00:24:09,510 --> 00:24:05,770 floods and lancets so it's a Rick was 584 00:24:11,190 --> 00:24:09,520 talking earlier about the about his his 585 00:24:14,190 --> 00:24:11,200 pictures of the Dominican Republic and 586 00:24:17,100 --> 00:24:14,200 then having going visited there after he 587 00:24:20,039 --> 00:24:17,110 got back you know the Caribbean is one 588 00:24:23,500 --> 00:24:20,049 of the places on on earth that's most 589 00:24:30,290 --> 00:24:27,040 so one at one of the biggest benefits of 590 00:24:34,250 --> 00:24:30,300 GPM that I'm excited for also as a 591 00:24:37,100 --> 00:24:34,260 scientist is that we have now a you know 592 00:24:39,560 --> 00:24:37,110 near near global coverage of for a 593 00:24:41,060 --> 00:24:39,570 weather weather radar so there are a lot 594 00:24:43,970 --> 00:24:41,070 of countries that can't afford a 595 00:24:46,640 --> 00:24:43,980 nationwide weather weather radar system 596 00:24:49,010 --> 00:24:46,650 like the United States has an and GPM is 597 00:24:54,260 --> 00:24:49,020 kind of giving them that that that 598 00:24:56,900 --> 00:24:54,270 capability to to have regular monitoring 599 00:24:59,060 --> 00:24:56,910 of rainfall especially in extreme events 600 00:25:02,750 --> 00:24:59,070 like like if there was a hurricane 601 00:25:05,480 --> 00:25:02,760 hitting the Dominican Republic that's 602 00:25:07,700 --> 00:25:05,490 right Eric alone as you said if you try 603 00:25:10,040 --> 00:25:07,710 to measure for measure precipitation 604 00:25:12,380 --> 00:25:10,050 from the Earth from the brown in the 605 00:25:14,150 --> 00:25:12,390 u.s. we have a very strong network of 606 00:25:16,520 --> 00:25:14,160 ground radar data that you might see on 607 00:25:18,830 --> 00:25:16,530 your nightly news but if you go to other 608 00:25:21,650 --> 00:25:18,840 countries you go over the oceans you 609 00:25:23,270 --> 00:25:21,660 just cannot put enough weather radars or 610 00:25:25,400 --> 00:25:23,280 a little a rain buckets to actually 611 00:25:27,590 --> 00:25:25,410 measure the ring so from the vantage 612 00:25:30,050 --> 00:25:27,600 point of space you can measure the 613 00:25:32,030 --> 00:25:30,060 global precipitation and that data the 614 00:25:34,190 --> 00:25:32,040 data that NASA provides is freely 615 00:25:36,500 --> 00:25:34,200 available to anybody anywhere in the 616 00:25:38,780 --> 00:25:36,510 world that wants to use it and the other 617 00:25:42,050 --> 00:25:38,790 thing that GPM is doing which is fairly 618 00:25:45,230 --> 00:25:42,060 unique as we have we get then we release 619 00:25:48,440 --> 00:25:45,240 the data to the public anywhere from one 620 00:25:52,850 --> 00:25:48,450 to three hours after its collective this 621 00:25:55,010 --> 00:25:52,860 is really important for emergency 622 00:25:58,310 --> 00:25:55,020 management that might want to evacuate a 623 00:26:00,340 --> 00:25:58,320 coastline for hurricane or evacuating 624 00:26:04,220 --> 00:26:00,350 risk event all those slides with lots 625 00:26:06,880 --> 00:26:04,230 mm-hmm so I've done some work in the 626 00:26:13,160 --> 00:26:06,890 past since I sends my internship at NASA 627 00:26:15,560 --> 00:26:13,170 we I I did a project in Ethiopia working 628 00:26:18,650 --> 00:26:15,570 with farmers on drought and and 629 00:26:21,410 --> 00:26:18,660 preparing for possible future future 630 00:26:23,600 --> 00:26:21,420 droughts with climate change and is 631 00:26:26,630 --> 00:26:23,610 there a way that GPM is helping also i 632 00:26:28,820 --> 00:26:26,640 know that it's talking about we talk 633 00:26:30,890 --> 00:26:28,830 about extreme rainfall and hurricanes a 634 00:26:33,920 --> 00:26:30,900 lot but what about the other end of that 635 00:26:38,430 --> 00:26:33,930 spectrum of lingering drought sore or 636 00:26:43,240 --> 00:26:41,890 yes so GPM can tell us when is 637 00:26:45,480 --> 00:26:43,250 precipitating and when it's not 638 00:26:47,980 --> 00:26:45,490 precipitating so we can start to 639 00:26:52,840 --> 00:26:47,990 determine when droughts occur and also 640 00:26:54,610 --> 00:26:52,850 to too if needs send food in advance of 641 00:26:56,320 --> 00:26:54,620 those well I think one of the best 642 00:26:59,350 --> 00:26:56,330 things in full play our video we have a 643 00:27:01,590 --> 00:26:59,360 video here of a snowstorm as I mentioned 644 00:27:04,030 --> 00:27:01,600 this is one of the person missions 645 00:27:06,220 --> 00:27:04,040 specifically designed to measure falling 646 00:27:07,960 --> 00:27:06,230 snow and so when this video should be 647 00:27:10,150 --> 00:27:07,970 playing what you're going to see us this 648 00:27:13,270 --> 00:27:10,160 is a March 17 snow storm over the 649 00:27:15,580 --> 00:27:13,280 Washington DC area and with the 650 00:27:18,040 --> 00:27:15,590 snowstorm this is less than three weeks 651 00:27:22,470 --> 00:27:18,050 after GPM is launched and you can see 652 00:27:25,690 --> 00:27:22,480 that over the Atlantic Ocean there is 653 00:27:27,760 --> 00:27:25,700 precipitation as a showing okay well 654 00:27:29,740 --> 00:27:27,770 sauce on them but basically the the 655 00:27:31,419 --> 00:27:29,750 precipitation will be over the Atlantic 656 00:27:35,049 --> 00:27:31,429 Ocean and you'll see these very tall 657 00:27:36,760 --> 00:27:35,059 cloud talks and there will be rain 658 00:27:40,260 --> 00:27:36,770 falling out underneath and that rain is 659 00:27:44,080 --> 00:27:40,270 shown will be shown in reds and greens 660 00:27:46,060 --> 00:27:44,090 and then over the land there will be 661 00:27:48,040 --> 00:27:46,070 this really shallow snow storm which is 662 00:27:50,290 --> 00:27:48,050 shown in blue cones and what's really 663 00:27:52,390 --> 00:27:50,300 important about this snow is that we 664 00:27:54,549 --> 00:27:52,400 weren't able to measure falling snow 665 00:27:57,700 --> 00:27:54,559 from space before this mission in many 666 00:28:00,430 --> 00:27:57,710 places in the world rely on snow packs 667 00:28:03,490 --> 00:28:00,440 for their spring and more summer by 668 00:28:05,440 --> 00:28:03,500 freshwater resources sewing be so being 669 00:28:07,750 --> 00:28:05,450 able to measure both the liquid part of 670 00:28:10,270 --> 00:28:07,760 the precipitation and the frozen part of 671 00:28:11,890 --> 00:28:10,280 the precipitation is important and then 672 00:28:16,450 --> 00:28:11,900 getting back to this list or more mark 673 00:28:19,030 --> 00:28:16,460 17 I was just told today that yeah this 674 00:28:21,490 --> 00:28:19,040 was so early in the mission and in the 675 00:28:23,860 --> 00:28:21,500 DC area Sam and it was the snow shuts 676 00:28:26,440 --> 00:28:23,870 down everything and people were sold 677 00:28:28,840 --> 00:28:26,450 don't come into work so some of the GPM 678 00:28:30,669 --> 00:28:28,850 on mission operators actually had to 679 00:28:32,919 --> 00:28:30,679 spend the night the night before and the 680 00:28:34,840 --> 00:28:32,929 night after in the mission operations 681 00:28:39,070 --> 00:28:34,850 building on what their sleeping bags 682 00:28:42,520 --> 00:28:39,080 because the falling snow really impacts 683 00:28:45,130 --> 00:28:42,530 us in a different way than precipitation 684 00:28:47,980 --> 00:28:45,140 falling snow is harder to remove and 685 00:28:50,640 --> 00:28:47,990 ended and things like that so if we get 686 00:28:54,550 --> 00:28:50,650 that video will show it later 687 00:28:57,220 --> 00:28:54,560 so I'm thinking of a place where snow is 688 00:28:59,050 --> 00:28:57,230 really important this is maybe in a 689 00:29:02,350 --> 00:28:59,060 place like northern India or something 690 00:29:04,900 --> 00:29:02,360 where a lot of people rely on on water 691 00:29:08,080 --> 00:29:04,910 for for irrigation and growing growing 692 00:29:13,360 --> 00:29:08,090 food that water from the Ganges River 693 00:29:16,360 --> 00:29:13,370 comes from melting glaciers in in the 694 00:29:19,150 --> 00:29:16,370 Himalayas so it is GP I'm going to be 695 00:29:23,880 --> 00:29:19,160 able to kind of better help places like 696 00:29:28,960 --> 00:29:27,160 yeah it is I have to admit it is more 697 00:29:31,480 --> 00:29:28,970 difficult to marshal precipitation over 698 00:29:34,150 --> 00:29:31,490 here in mountainous regions but we are 699 00:29:35,830 --> 00:29:34,160 improving those and so yes we because 700 00:29:38,820 --> 00:29:35,840 we're able to get and measure the 701 00:29:42,400 --> 00:29:38,830 precipitation within the column of the 702 00:29:44,080 --> 00:29:42,410 data within the GPM measurements and 703 00:29:46,120 --> 00:29:44,090 I'll get back to that a second we are 704 00:29:50,500 --> 00:29:46,130 able to see the precipitation before it 705 00:29:52,150 --> 00:29:50,510 falls now as I mentioned earlier it 706 00:29:53,590 --> 00:29:52,160 being has two instruments and the way I 707 00:29:55,090 --> 00:29:53,600 like to describe why the instruments 708 00:29:57,460 --> 00:29:55,100 it's kind of like taking an x-ray 709 00:29:59,800 --> 00:29:57,470 through the cloud and just like a doctor 710 00:30:02,260 --> 00:29:59,810 might take an x-ray of a human body and 711 00:30:04,480 --> 00:30:02,270 sit bones and some of the bones might be 712 00:30:08,950 --> 00:30:04,490 thinner and more translucent words other 713 00:30:10,810 --> 00:30:08,960 ones might be thicker and more dense the 714 00:30:12,930 --> 00:30:10,820 same kind of thing happens with one of 715 00:30:16,180 --> 00:30:12,940 the GPM instruments is that you see 716 00:30:18,070 --> 00:30:16,190 where there's lots of heavy liquid rain 717 00:30:20,680 --> 00:30:18,080 and where there's lots of ice and so I 718 00:30:22,210 --> 00:30:20,690 kind of compressed through the cloud we 719 00:30:23,920 --> 00:30:22,220 also get the frozen part of the 720 00:30:25,240 --> 00:30:23,930 precipitation in that instrument 721 00:30:27,040 --> 00:30:25,250 measurement and then the other 722 00:30:30,160 --> 00:30:27,050 instrument which was actually provided 723 00:30:32,890 --> 00:30:30,170 by the Japanese allows us to seed layer 724 00:30:35,050 --> 00:30:32,900 by layer within the clown and so you can 725 00:30:37,390 --> 00:30:35,060 use that information later by layer to 726 00:30:40,840 --> 00:30:37,400 see what's in the column before it hits 727 00:30:43,300 --> 00:30:40,850 its ground and furthermore jumping ahead 728 00:30:45,700 --> 00:30:43,310 and answer and pushing it may not have 729 00:30:47,580 --> 00:30:45,710 been answered yet we can use that or ask 730 00:30:50,050 --> 00:30:47,590 that you can use that layer by layer 731 00:30:52,870 --> 00:30:50,060 information to improve weather 732 00:30:54,700 --> 00:30:52,880 forecasting models and climate change 733 00:30:58,600 --> 00:30:54,710 moms because those models have really 734 00:31:00,760 --> 00:30:58,610 simplistic on representations of the 735 00:31:03,100 --> 00:31:00,770 precipitation layer by layer within the 736 00:31:06,700 --> 00:31:03,110 clouds and so we can use that to 737 00:31:09,460 --> 00:31:06,710 not only for a short short term weather 738 00:31:11,799 --> 00:31:09,470 forecasting for our long-term future in 739 00:31:15,549 --> 00:31:11,809 terms of humans it's happening within 740 00:31:18,039 --> 00:31:15,559 climate change so so we can have a 3d 741 00:31:20,740 --> 00:31:18,049 view basically in a way that we've never 742 00:31:25,240 --> 00:31:20,750 had before that will help scientists 743 00:31:29,169 --> 00:31:25,250 understand clouds and in how clouds 744 00:31:31,510 --> 00:31:29,179 convert the moisture into rainfall yeah 745 00:31:33,669 --> 00:31:31,520 that's correct side so the moisture into 746 00:31:35,530 --> 00:31:33,679 rainfall we measure the rainfall part of 747 00:31:37,870 --> 00:31:35,540 that and we have a three-dimensional 748 00:31:42,520 --> 00:31:37,880 view of it and earlier you were talking 749 00:31:44,380 --> 00:31:42,530 about climate change and most people 750 00:31:47,140 --> 00:31:44,390 most humans are not really going to be 751 00:31:51,430 --> 00:31:47,150 impacted by one degree change change 752 00:31:53,440 --> 00:31:51,440 okay so put onto the plaza but really 753 00:31:54,880 --> 00:31:53,450 one of the things that I'm not climbing 754 00:31:57,340 --> 00:31:54,890 signs for the climate scientists are 755 00:31:59,620 --> 00:31:57,350 saying the precipitation extremes are 756 00:32:01,000 --> 00:31:59,630 they can become more extreme yeah so 757 00:32:02,470 --> 00:32:01,010 where there's drought will be more 758 00:32:05,049 --> 00:32:02,480 drought for those heavy precipitation 759 00:32:07,419 --> 00:32:05,059 will be more precipitation and we as 760 00:32:10,390 --> 00:32:07,429 humans because water is essential for 761 00:32:13,570 --> 00:32:10,400 our life you're going to probably feel 762 00:32:15,730 --> 00:32:13,580 the effects of climate change more in 763 00:32:19,659 --> 00:32:15,740 precipitation patterns and in 764 00:32:25,480 --> 00:32:19,669 temperature powers the GPM is is kind of 765 00:32:30,100 --> 00:32:25,490 the GM GPM is the start of a whole suite 766 00:32:31,930 --> 00:32:30,110 of NASA's new NASA satellites this year 767 00:32:38,110 --> 00:32:31,940 that are helping to answer that question 768 00:32:44,470 --> 00:32:38,120 of how is just exactly how is the width 769 00:32:47,650 --> 00:32:44,480 with global warming yeah that's right 770 00:32:49,000 --> 00:32:47,660 nASA has a bunch of many satellites that 771 00:32:52,000 --> 00:32:49,010 are looking down at orrick to measure 772 00:32:54,820 --> 00:32:52,010 all sorts of things that tells causal as 773 00:32:56,770 --> 00:32:54,830 many different aspects of how our system 774 00:32:58,720 --> 00:32:56,780 works as a whole well you know without 775 00:33:00,970 --> 00:32:58,730 this satellite measurements it's like 776 00:33:03,190 --> 00:33:00,980 maybe having the edge of a puzzle filled 777 00:33:04,659 --> 00:33:03,200 out from brown measurements but we can 778 00:33:06,640 --> 00:33:04,669 start to fill in the middle of the 779 00:33:07,960 --> 00:33:06,650 puzzle by using all these different 780 00:33:10,299 --> 00:33:07,970 satellites to tell us different 781 00:33:14,049 --> 00:33:10,309 components of the Earth system and how 782 00:33:16,390 --> 00:33:14,059 it works together so we have it so we 783 00:33:21,250 --> 00:33:16,400 have a question 784 00:33:23,230 --> 00:33:21,260 from twitter from Samantha Walter how 785 00:33:26,710 --> 00:33:23,240 much free time did the astronauts have 786 00:33:28,930 --> 00:33:26,720 to sit and look at the view of the earth 787 00:33:31,390 --> 00:33:28,940 on the space station and kind of watch 788 00:33:34,660 --> 00:33:31,400 watch these changes or watch watch the 789 00:33:38,830 --> 00:33:34,670 weather watch watch these on you know 790 00:33:41,740 --> 00:33:38,840 fascinating aspects of of nature by 791 00:33:43,900 --> 00:33:41,750 below you you know we don't get a lot of 792 00:33:45,610 --> 00:33:43,910 free time our work day is pretty packed 793 00:33:47,800 --> 00:33:45,620 and we exercise for a couple of two and 794 00:33:49,780 --> 00:33:47,810 a half hours a day we work for many 795 00:33:52,150 --> 00:33:49,790 hours a day and we have to eat of course 796 00:33:53,620 --> 00:33:52,160 usually there's about maybe two hours at 797 00:33:55,300 --> 00:33:53,630 the end of the day that they call our 798 00:33:56,770 --> 00:33:55,310 priests leave time this is where we'll 799 00:33:58,750 --> 00:33:56,780 eat dinner this is where we'll kind of 800 00:34:00,640 --> 00:33:58,760 wind down do a few emails from home 801 00:34:02,200 --> 00:34:00,650 maybe phone home and that's where I 802 00:34:03,640 --> 00:34:02,210 always like to spend time looking out 803 00:34:05,590 --> 00:34:03,650 the window it always seemed to help 804 00:34:07,270 --> 00:34:05,600 relax me so we get a couple hours to 805 00:34:08,860 --> 00:34:07,280 look out the window of course it's very 806 00:34:10,450 --> 00:34:08,870 dependent on our trajectory we may be 807 00:34:13,899 --> 00:34:10,460 over going spending a lot of time over 808 00:34:15,520 --> 00:34:13,909 the Pacific Ocean at that specific time 809 00:34:20,169 --> 00:34:15,530 of the year so it really depends on a 810 00:34:22,690 --> 00:34:20,179 trajectory what you get to see um so 811 00:34:28,270 --> 00:34:22,700 another very important related question 812 00:34:31,690 --> 00:34:28,280 is from twitter is if there is there 813 00:34:33,850 --> 00:34:31,700 coffee available you guys going there 814 00:34:37,540 --> 00:34:33,860 during all these um you know marathon 815 00:34:41,320 --> 00:34:37,550 work work days yeah definitely we have 816 00:34:44,070 --> 00:34:41,330 tea and coffee and even and I love green 817 00:34:46,840 --> 00:34:44,080 tea and then we have different kinds of 818 00:34:49,540 --> 00:34:46,850 beverages so it's just water orange 819 00:34:52,120 --> 00:34:49,550 juice so uh and it's it's really good 820 00:34:54,340 --> 00:34:52,130 and then more the space station as I 821 00:35:00,400 --> 00:34:54,350 always say we turn yesterday's coffee 822 00:35:03,760 --> 00:35:00,410 into tomorrow's coffee water for the 823 00:35:06,160 --> 00:35:03,770 usage on both the space station water is 824 00:35:10,690 --> 00:35:06,170 a very precious thing on board the space 825 00:35:14,470 --> 00:35:10,700 station not only on the ground yeah and 826 00:35:15,940 --> 00:35:14,480 that's that's one of the one of the 827 00:35:18,630 --> 00:35:15,950 challenges and you know now with the 828 00:35:20,650 --> 00:35:18,640 drought in California and other other 829 00:35:23,530 --> 00:35:20,660 impacts of climate change that we're 830 00:35:25,900 --> 00:35:23,540 seeing this year we're starting to think 831 00:35:29,590 --> 00:35:25,910 I think about water as a more precious 832 00:35:29,900 --> 00:35:29,600 resource than maybe before so in that 833 00:35:31,069 --> 00:35:29,910 there's 834 00:35:32,450 --> 00:35:31,079 actually some of the places in 835 00:35:35,089 --> 00:35:32,460 California that are starting to 836 00:35:39,289 --> 00:35:35,099 implement this kind of water recycling 837 00:35:42,380 --> 00:35:39,299 on a citywide scale that that you know 838 00:35:47,359 --> 00:35:42,390 nASA has helped to pioneer some of this 839 00:35:50,770 --> 00:35:47,369 technology so so they'll get to drink 840 00:35:54,710 --> 00:35:50,780 their their coffee the second day too 841 00:35:56,359 --> 00:35:54,720 maybe but um so we're going to take a 842 00:35:58,430 --> 00:35:56,369 few more questions we've only got about 843 00:35:59,660 --> 00:35:58,440 another five minutes or so so maybe we 844 00:36:01,700 --> 00:35:59,670 can do something like lightning around 845 00:36:03,829 --> 00:36:01,710 questions from from twitter and google+ 846 00:36:05,660 --> 00:36:03,839 so we make sure to to get to everybody's 847 00:36:10,069 --> 00:36:05,670 questions here great so we have another 848 00:36:12,500 --> 00:36:10,079 question from from Twitter that and i 849 00:36:17,539 --> 00:36:12,510 think this this question is for her gail 850 00:36:20,599 --> 00:36:17,549 as well as as brick in quechee but but 851 00:36:23,289 --> 00:36:20,609 this this twitter is from this this 852 00:36:27,670 --> 00:36:23,299 tweet is from savannah and she says um 853 00:36:30,589 --> 00:36:27,680 her dream is to work at NASA and 854 00:36:32,289 --> 00:36:30,599 specifically on the ISS so so what's the 855 00:36:34,400 --> 00:36:32,299 best way to make that dream possible 856 00:36:36,920 --> 00:36:34,410 well you know I think Leach and I kind 857 00:36:38,210 --> 00:36:36,930 of tell folks who want to work for NASA 858 00:36:39,980 --> 00:36:38,220 or become astronauts we tell them the 859 00:36:42,200 --> 00:36:39,990 same thing you have to find something 860 00:36:43,819 --> 00:36:42,210 you really enjoy you have to find 861 00:36:46,880 --> 00:36:43,829 whether it's being an engineer being a 862 00:36:49,430 --> 00:36:46,890 scientist or being a doctor or being a 863 00:36:50,660 --> 00:36:49,440 pilot or a test pilot some kind find 864 00:36:52,190 --> 00:36:50,670 something you really enjoy and get 865 00:36:53,930 --> 00:36:52,200 really good at it and if you're if you 866 00:36:55,339 --> 00:36:53,940 enjoy you're going to going to become 867 00:36:57,079 --> 00:36:55,349 very good at it because you enjoy doing 868 00:36:58,430 --> 00:36:57,089 it and you're going to practice it and 869 00:37:00,349 --> 00:36:58,440 you're going to become great at it and 870 00:37:03,230 --> 00:37:00,359 then of course apply to NASA NASA needs 871 00:37:05,000 --> 00:37:03,240 all kinds of folks I worked as net at 872 00:37:06,559 --> 00:37:05,010 NASA as an engineer I worked as a flight 873 00:37:07,940 --> 00:37:06,569 controller Mission Control now I work as 874 00:37:09,529 --> 00:37:07,950 an astronaut so there's all kinds of 875 00:37:11,510 --> 00:37:09,539 great opportunities at NASA and I never 876 00:37:15,319 --> 00:37:11,520 thought I would get to where I am so if 877 00:37:17,839 --> 00:37:15,329 I can do it many folks can but this is 878 00:37:20,000 --> 00:37:17,849 Gail I'll just jump in I take the 879 00:37:22,130 --> 00:37:20,010 hardest math you can or if you don't 880 00:37:24,710 --> 00:37:22,140 like math I tell some middle school 881 00:37:27,650 --> 00:37:24,720 girls and our astronauts will confirm 882 00:37:30,109 --> 00:37:27,660 this that they need seamstresses to come 883 00:37:33,500 --> 00:37:30,119 up with better astronaut suits and they 884 00:37:34,849 --> 00:37:33,510 need a chef come up with better meals so 885 00:37:38,960 --> 00:37:34,859 you know there's all sorts of ways to 886 00:37:41,329 --> 00:37:38,970 work for NASA yeah it's not but it's not 887 00:37:43,610 --> 00:37:41,339 just about math and physics i think that 888 00:37:46,730 --> 00:37:43,620 NASA does so many things now about 889 00:37:48,560 --> 00:37:46,740 uh I mean I met when I was an intern at 890 00:37:51,380 --> 00:37:48,570 NASA I met an archaeologist that was 891 00:37:54,560 --> 00:37:51,390 working for NASA so it almost anything 892 00:37:59,540 --> 00:37:54,570 that you can imagine NASA is is working 893 00:38:02,140 --> 00:37:59,550 on it so so what about you caliche what 894 00:38:05,330 --> 00:38:02,150 was your path to become an astronaut 895 00:38:07,280 --> 00:38:05,340 yeah I am I dreamed them going to space 896 00:38:09,050 --> 00:38:07,290 when I was five years old when I saw the 897 00:38:10,880 --> 00:38:09,060 pole lunar landing but at the time I 898 00:38:12,890 --> 00:38:10,890 thought it was beyond my dream because 899 00:38:14,750 --> 00:38:12,900 there was no Japanese astronaut at the 900 00:38:16,640 --> 00:38:14,760 time only American astronauts and the 901 00:38:19,250 --> 00:38:16,650 former Soviet Union cosmonauts were 902 00:38:22,160 --> 00:38:19,260 working in space but I had a strong 903 00:38:23,810 --> 00:38:22,170 desire to build or fly airplanes and 904 00:38:26,690 --> 00:38:23,820 then they became an engineer of an 905 00:38:28,700 --> 00:38:26,700 aircraft structure and then I saw on the 906 00:38:30,830 --> 00:38:28,710 newspaper that japanese space agency was 907 00:38:33,320 --> 00:38:30,840 selecting astronaut candidates in an 908 00:38:35,840 --> 00:38:33,330 applied I was luckily selected so if you 909 00:38:38,270 --> 00:38:35,850 dream and if you try to to reach the 910 00:38:41,060 --> 00:38:38,280 goal by studying harder there is a way 911 00:38:45,080 --> 00:38:41,070 to go beyond what you think that you can 912 00:38:47,630 --> 00:38:45,090 dream of and so I think everyone I 913 00:38:50,660 --> 00:38:47,640 watching this I mean all the students 914 00:38:53,120 --> 00:38:50,670 each mom you has something that you can 915 00:38:55,640 --> 00:38:53,130 very well and do probably better than 916 00:38:58,550 --> 00:38:55,650 anybody else and then and then from that 917 00:39:00,920 --> 00:38:58,560 the you know please continue your dream 918 00:39:02,660 --> 00:39:00,930 and then in time and then probably you 919 00:39:05,540 --> 00:39:02,670 will be working with us on board the 920 00:39:07,970 --> 00:39:05,550 spacecraft well I think that's a great 921 00:39:10,100 --> 00:39:07,980 place to leave it thanks Lauren for for 922 00:39:13,550 --> 00:39:10,110 organizing this and I think it was a 923 00:39:15,520 --> 00:39:13,560 really amazing for me personally dream 924 00:39:18,170 --> 00:39:15,530 come true to have this conversation 925 00:39:20,870 --> 00:39:18,180 thank you Eric and thank you everyone 926 00:39:22,820 --> 00:39:20,880 who joined us today on NASA's Google+ 927 00:39:26,030 --> 00:39:22,830 Hangout observing Earth from space I 928 00:39:29,140 --> 00:39:26,040 want to thank our celebrity questioner 929 00:39:31,400 --> 00:39:29,150 Eric Holthaus from slate com and Gail 930 00:39:34,370 --> 00:39:31,410 giggles whose middle name I will never 931 00:39:35,570 --> 00:39:34,380 get right as Gail citronic Jackson who's 932 00:39:38,600 --> 00:39:35,580 the global precipitation measurement 933 00:39:39,650 --> 00:39:38,610 mission program manager from the Goddard 934 00:39:42,140 --> 00:39:39,660 Space Flight Center in Greenbelt 935 00:39:43,820 --> 00:39:42,150 Maryland and of course my esteemed 936 00:39:46,100 --> 00:39:43,830 panelists here and NASA headquarters 937 00:39:48,410 --> 00:39:46,110 Koichi Wakata from the japanese space 938 00:39:51,800 --> 00:39:48,420 agency and rick mastracchio from NASA 939 00:39:53,750 --> 00:39:51,810 who just returned from 188 days on the 940 00:39:55,160 --> 00:39:53,760 International Space Station you don't 941 00:39:56,250 --> 00:39:55,170 have to leave the conversation here 942 00:39:58,890 --> 00:39:56,260 though you can continue 943 00:40:00,720 --> 00:39:58,900 engage with us follow follow up on this 944 00:40:03,450 --> 00:40:00,730 discussion on our twitter account at 945 00:40:05,460 --> 00:40:03,460 NASA and the hashtag at NASA questions 946 00:40:09,150 --> 00:40:05,470 and of course we're online we're on 947 00:40:11,760 --> 00:40:09,160 facebook or on Google+ and on a NASA 948 00:40:13,950 --> 00:40:11,770 television channel near you so on behalf 949 00:40:15,540 --> 00:40:13,960 of everybody here at NASA and these guys